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When it comes to the safety of your family and home, one of the most worthwhile tools is a properly functioning smoke alarm or detector. Oregon law requires a home to meet specific alarm requirements before it can be bought or sold. But according to Eugene-area inspector Ron Rhine, sellers and homeowners are often curious about these important standards and how they can ensure the safety of the people they love. “Homeowners are confused by the requirements,” explains Rhine. “And it’s important to understand them.”

There are two types of smoke detectors: ionization and photoelectric. The ionizing model, powered by batteries or hardwire, detects gases and smoke produced during a house fire. Here in Oregon, an ionizing smoke alarm is required to include the “hush button” feature and a lithium 10-year battery – if the alarm isn’t powered by a hardwire. The other type of smoke detector is the photoelectric model, which relies on a slightly different method to detect smoke within the home. The detector runs a light through a darkened chamber, which will reflect smoke particles and sound the alarm. The photoelectric detector would perform well in a smoky house, though not all fires produce excessive amounts of smoke.

The location of smoke detectors in your home plays a vital part in their effectiveness during emergencies. Oregon law (ORS 470.250-479.300) cites specific locations for detectors and alarms in a house. This includes…

  • One detector or alarm on every level of the home
  • Outside every sleeping area
  • Newer homes will have additional alarms in each bedroom
  • Newer homes will have alarms that are interlinked

According to Rhine, homeowners could also consider installing a detector close to their garage. “Any home with an attached garage [should] have an alarm or detector at least fifteen feet from it.”  Along with their location in the home, an alarm or detector should be at least 4 inches from the nearest wall and at least 4-12 inches from the ceiling. It’s advised that you don’t place an alarm or detector in the kitchen – instead, opt for an area close-by. Locations such kitchens, bathrooms, and garages might be the source of moisture and steam which can cause false alarms. 

Oregon law also requires monthly testing of detectors and alarms to ensure they are properly functioning. During the monthly test, also be sure to clean and dust the detector to prevent dust and cobweb build up. Detectors or alarms older than ten years should be replaced. A replacement will run about $15 to $30. You can dispose of your old detector or alarm in the trash – be sure to remove the battery first – or return it to the manufacturer for proper disposal. 

In addition to installing smoke detectors, homeowners should also consider Carbon Monoxide detectors. These days, it’s easy to find a dual alarm for smoke and Carbon Monoxide. If your home contains a heater, fireplace, stove or other appliance that runs on coal, kerosene, petroleum products, wood, or other fossil fuels, a Carbon Monoxide detector is another step in ensuring a safe living environment.